Yorktown Campaign - The United States Wins Independence

Yorktown Campaign - The United States Wins Independence

The Yorktown Campaign, also known as the Virginia campaign, was a series of military maneuvers and battles during the American Revolutionary War that culminated in the siege of Yorktown in October 1781. The result of the campaign was the surrender of the British Army force of General Charles Earl Cornwallis, an event that led directly to the beginning of serious peace negotiations and the eventual end of the war.

The French fleet of Paul de Grasse gained control over Chesapeake Bay, blockading Cornwallis from naval support and delivering additional land forces to blockade him on land. The Royal Navy attempted to dispute this control, but Admiral Thomas Graves was defeated in the key Battle of the Chesapeake on September 5.  American and French armies that had massed outside New York City began moving south in late August and arrived near Yorktown in mid-September.  Deceptions about their movement successfully delayed attempts by Clinton to send more troops to Cornwallis.

The siege of Yorktown began on September 28, 1781, with Washington and Rochambeau and Lafayette all assembling their troops around Yorktown to achieve victory.  In a step that probably shortened the siege, Cornwallis decided to abandon parts of his outer defenses, and the besiegers successfully stormed two of his redoubts.  When it became clear that his position was untenable, Cornwallis opened negotiations on October 17 and surrendered two days later.  When the news reached London, the government of Lord North fell, and the following Rockingham ministry entered into peace negotiations. These culminated in the Treaty of Paris in 1783, in which King George III recognized the independent United States of America. Clinton and Cornwallis engaged in a public war of words defending their roles in the campaign, and British naval command also discussed the navy's shortcomings that led to the defeat.

We review several short videos and comment on them, and then we go over the 25 Interesting Facts about the Yorktown Campaign.

 

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